
Candidiasis, commonly called yeast infection or thrush, is a fungal infection of any of the Candida species, of which Candida albicans is the most common
In people who's immune system fails to produce the proper response, candidiasis can usually only be found in exposed and moist parts of the body, such as:
Candidiasis is the second most common cause of vaginal irritation or vaginitis, and can also occur on the male genitals, particularly in uncircumcised men. In immunocompromised patients, the Candida infection can involve the esophagus and can become systemic, causing a much more serious condition, fungemia. Children, mostly between 3 and 9 years old, can be affected by chronic mouth yeast infections. It is normally seen around the mouth as #016EBB patches. However, this is not a very common condition.
"overgrowth" (uncontrolled multiplication resulting in symptoms) by naturally occurring microorganisms. At least three quarters of all women will experience candidiasis at some point in their lives. The Candida albicans organism is found in the vaginas of almost all women and normally causes no problems. However, when it gets out of balance with the other "normal flora," such as lactobacilli (which can also be harmed by using douches), an overgrowth and symptoms can result. Pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, engaging in vaginal sex after anal sex in an unhygenic manner and using lubricants with glycerine have been known to be causally related to yeast infections. Antibiotics and diabetes mellitus can also lead to an increased incidence in yeast infections. Candidiasis can also be sexually transmitted between partners. Diet has been found to be the cause in animals. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Infertility Treatment may be factors.
vagina and/or vulva, and a whitish or whitish-gray discharge. Many women mistake the symptoms of the more common bacterial vaginosis for a yeast infection. In a 2002 study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, only 33 percent of women who were self treating for a yeast infection actually had a yeast infection. Instead they had either bacterial vaginosis or a mixed-type infection. Currently, bacterial vaginosis can only be diagnosed by a doctor. In men it can result in red patchy sores near the head of the penis, or on the foreskin. The sores will feel irritated and itchy, sometimes they will burn as well. For some people there are no apparent symptoms.
KOH (potassium hydroxide) preparation can be diagnostic. A scraping or swab of the affected area is placed on a microscope slide. A single drop of 10% solution of KOH is then placed on the slide. The KOH dissolves the skin cells but leaves the Candida untouched. When viewed under a microscope the hyphae and pseudo spores of Candida are visible. Their presence in large numbers strongly suggests a yeast infection. Swab and culture is performed by rubbing a sterile swab on the infected skin surface. The swab is then rubbed across a culture medium. The medium is incubated for several days, during which time colonies of yeast and/or bacteria develop. The characteristics of the colonies provide a presumptive diagnosis of the organism.
Candidiasis is alleged to be successfully treated either with home remedies or, in the case of a more severe infection, with either over-the-counter substances or prescription antifungal medications. Home remedies for candidiasis include the consumption or direct application of yogurt, which contains lactobacillus (probiotics, "friendly" bacteria that kill yeast), acidophilus tablets or salves, and even lightly crushed cloves of garlic, which yield allicin, an antifungal. Boric acid has also been used to treat yeast infections when gelcaps are filled with boric acid powder and two are inserted at bedtime for three to four nights. A peer reviewed study in Australia found yogurt ineffective as treatment for Candida albicans. Eating an alkaline diet primarily of green, fresh, raw vegetables also may give relief. While home remedies can offer relief in minor cases of infection, seeking medical attention can be necessary because the extent of the infection sometimes cannot be judged well by the sufferer. Prescription medication is often the only solution to an infection; the antifungal drugs commonly used to treat candidiasis are topical clotrimazole, topical nystatin, fluconazole, and topical ketoconazole. In severe infections (generally in hospitalized patients), amphotericin B, caspofungin, or voriconazole may be used. These medications are not effective against the more common bacterial vaginosis. Gentian violet might be used for breastfeeding thrush, but as a last resort, since it can cause mouth and throat ulcerations and is linked to cancer. Oral thrush is at the beginning of the digestive tract. It may be that more of the digestive tract is compromised by Candidiasis. If indicated, an underlying reason should be looked for. As an example, oral candidiasis is often linked to the use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma medication. Patients on long term inhaled corticosteroids should rinse their mouth after each dose of steroids. It can also be the first sign of a more serious condition, such as HIV. Babies with diaper rash should have their diaper areas kept clean, dry, and exposed to air as much as possible. Sugar assists the overgrowth of yeast; thus, the increased prevalence of yeast infections in patients with diabetes mellitus, as noted above. In the case of frequent yeast infections, sugar can be looked to as a culprit and should be avoided. Breast milk feeds yeast, and both a nursing mother and baby need to be treated, even if either is not symptomatic, to prevent thrush from being passed between mother and child. As Candida originates in the gut, some control may be exerted during an infection, and prior or between infections to control outbreaks. The fungus requires processed starches such as gluten as well as sugars. Dairy products may also contribute. As such, avoiding glutens, sugars, and dairy products may be termed an "avoidance diet" by some practitioners, and others as the "Candida control diet". This also includes avoidance of fermented foods. Sugars include words ending in the letters "ose" as in fructose, and maltodextrin may also contribute to Candidiasis, and may give relief if avoided. More water consumption may remove the cause of fermentation opportunities in the gut. It is important to consider that Candida is part of the human body's normal oral and intestinal flora, and an infection is more a "bloom" than the work of a parasite, as in the case of some bacterial infections. Despite this, Candidiasis is sometimes misdiagnosed by medical personnel as bacterial in nature, and treated with antibiotics. This can lead to eliminating the yeast's natural competitors for resources, and increase the severity of the condition. Candida is not a part of the normal flora of the skin. Treating Candidiasis only with medication may not give desired results. Treating Candidiasis better may impact miscarriage rates. Furthermore, extensive antibiotic treatment can lead to candidiasis, with probiotics sometimes being recommended. Alternative Views Alternative medicine proponents also frequently diagnose people with "systemic candidiasis" using methods not deemed valid by mainstream, western medicine. This belief originated from a book published by Dr. William Crook which hypothesized that a variety of common symptoms such as fatigue, PMS, sexual dysfunction, asthma, psoriasis, digestive and urinary problems, multiple sclerosis, and muscle pain, could be caused by subclinical infections by Candida albicans. There are a variety of remedies available to treat these symptoms, Dr. Crook suggests, ranging from dietary modification to colonic irrigation. Mainstream western medicine has ignored these methods and they have not been tested using scientific analysis, and therefore are not considered valid by most in the mainstream western medical establishment; see also for criticisms of these treatments. However, nutritionists have also proposed that these symptoms may be due to intestinal wall damage, known as leaky gut syndrome, due to Candida overgrowth or other effects.
"I ordered Candisil™ after many months of fighting yeast infection. I am a swim teacher so it is almost impossible for me to not stay in a moist environment. I tried it and was really surprised. It worked very fast and my symptoms went away really quickly. I am so happy it is not interfering with my job. Being in the pool all day just made them worse. The spray really did help with all the itching and inflammation." - Mandy Jones; 26; Swim Instructor
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